The three candidate cities were Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid. Main article: Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics Burkina Faso, San Marino and Turkmenistan won their first-ever Olympic medals. Bermuda, the Philippines and Qatar won their first-ever Olympic gold medals. The Russian delegation competing as the ROC finished fifth with 20 gold medals and third in the overall medal count, with 71 medals.

Great Britain finished fourth, with a total of 22 gold and 64 medals. Host nation Japan finished third, setting a record for the most gold medals and total medals ever won by their delegation at an Olympic Games with 27 and 58. The United States topped the medal count by both total golds (39) and total medals (113), with China finishing second by both respects (38 and 89). The disciplines added by the Japanese Olympic Committee were baseball and softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing and skateboarding, the last four of which made their Olympic debuts, and the last three of which will remain on the Olympic program.

New IOC policies also allowed the host organizing committee to add new sports to the Olympic program for just one Games. New events were introduced in existing sports for 2020, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX and mixed gender team events in a number of existing sports, as well as the return of madison cycling for men and an introduction of the same event for women. Due to the one-year postponement, Tokyo 2020 was the only Olympic Games to have been held in an odd-numbered year and the first Summer Olympics since the 1900 Games to be held in a non-leap year. The 2020 Games were the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. Tokyo became the first city in Asia to hold the Summer Games twice. The 2020 Games were the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan, following the 1964 Summer Olympics (Tokyo), 1972 Winter Olympics (Sapporo), and 1998 Winter Olympics (Nagano). The Games were the most expensive ever, with total spending of over $20 billion. It was largely held behind closed doors with no public spectators permitted due to the declaration of a state of emergency in the Greater Tokyo Area in response to the pandemic, the first and so far only Olympic Games to be held without official spectators. However, the event retained the Tokyo 2020 branding for marketing purpose.

The Games were originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, but due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, on 24 March 2020, the event was postponed to 2021, the first such instance in the history of the Olympic Games (previous games had been cancelled but not rescheduled). Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 7 September 2013.

The 2020 Summer Olympics ( Japanese: 2020年夏季オリンピック, Hepburn: Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku), officially the Games of the XXXII Olympiad ( 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会, Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) and also known as Tokyo 2020 ( 東京2020, Tōkyō Nii Zero Nii Zero), was an international multi-sport event held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some preliminary events that began on 21 July.

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